Medical malpractice law is a distinct domain within civil jurisprudence focusing on the legal framework governing the liability of healthcare providers and institutions for harm caused to patients through negligent acts or omissions during medical treatment. As a research concept, it systematically investigates the legal standards of professional care, the evidentiary requirements for establishing negligence (including duty, breach, causation, and damages), the procedural pathways of claims resolution (litigation and settlement), the scope of liable parties, and the broader socio-legal implications for patient safety, healthcare practice, and the civil justice system. Its key characteristics include reliance on technical medical expertise, the application of tort principles to complex healthcare scenarios, and the analysis of compensation mechanisms, making it a critical area of inquiry into accountability within the healthcare sector.